Although we did not find a significant difference in PD-L1 expression level, a potential biomarker for immunotherapy, between DMS-low and -high groups in IMvigor210 cohort (Supplementary Figure S7D), the pan-cancer analysis demonstrated DMS was negatively related to PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression in the majority of cancer types including colon cancer, indirectly proving the reliability of DMS to predict the efficacy of immunotherapy (Figure 7D; Supplementary Figure S7E). Here, CD274 is linked to cancer.