PGK1 and cancer: According to Li et al. and colleagues, oncogenic mutations or hypoxia that activated the extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) signal transduction resulted in the mitochondrial translocation of PGK1, which resulted in the activation and phosphorylation of PDHK1 for the promotion of the Warburg effect and suppression of pyruvate metabolism in mitochondria, ultimately accelerating cancer cell growth.