Tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) for gastric, pancreatic, and colorectal 12, 57, 58 cancers, glypican-3 (GPC3) for hepatocellular carcinoma 59, 60, prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) for prostate cancer 61-64, CD20 for B-cell lymphoma 65, 66 and CD146 for melanoma 67, are also attractive targets for NIR-PIT. Here, GPC3 is linked to cancer.