MYD88 and neoplasm: LPS specifically activates Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and CD14, which are widely expressed by CD8+ T cells, macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells and Dendritic cells (DCs), and initiates tumor-suppressive downstream signaling cascades mainly through myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MYD88), such as the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and cytotoxic factors, as well as the formation of inflammasome.