CHRNA3 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: In the present study, six variants were shown to present with strong cumulative evidence in their associations with LC or COPD risk (CHRNA3 rs1051730, CHRNA3 rs6495309, and CHRNA5 rs16969968 with COPD risk, and CHRNA3 rs1051730, CHRNA3 rs578776, CHRNA3 rs6495309, CHRNA3 rs938682, CHRNA5 rs16969968, and CHRNA5 rs588765 with LC risk).