AATF and cancer: After analyzing the promoter methylation levels of AATF between different cancers and corresponding normal tissues using data from TCGA on the UALCAN website, it was found that, compared with normal tissues, AATF promoter methylation levels were significantly elevated in KIRC and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) (P < 0.05), whereas AATF promoter methylation levels were significantly decreased in 8 tumors, including bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA), ESCA, HNSC, LIHC, PRAD, rectum adenocarcinoma (READ), thyroid carcinoma (THCA), and UCEC (P < 0.05, Figure 6).