Among tumour-associated signalling and tumour phenotypes, TGF-β signalling, PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling, KRAS signalling, and EMT signalling were remarkably enriched in parental HCC cells, while Wnt/β-catenin signalling, DNA repair and angiogenesis were significantly enriched in TKI-resistant HCC cells. Here, AKT1 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.