Given that activated lymphocytes are the main source of IFN-γ in tumor tissues, in another study, it was assessed the effect of lymphokine-activated killer cells secreting IFN-γ on the PD-L1 expression in co-culture with CAF cells.The findings demonstrated that PD-L1 expression on CAFs was up-regulated in this interaction. The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is neoplasm.