The chemokines, CXCL1, CXCL2, IL-8 and CXCL10/IP-10, promote inflammation and antiviral response by the recruitment and activation of neutrophils (60–63), while G-CSF promotes neutrophil expansion and egress from the bone marrow to the bloodstream, resulting in the accumulation of neutrophils at the infection site (64). The gene discussed is CSF3; the disease is infection.