TGFB1 and neoplasm: Furthermore, production of pro-angiogenic cytokines and growth factors, including ornithine, TGF-β, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF1), provides nutrient factors that promote tumor angiogenesis and vessel co-option wherein tumor cells hijack the existing patient vasculature, therefore enhancing tumor progression (4, 5).