These alterations can be also the fruit of genetic changes, as observed in cryopyrin associated periodic syndrome (CAPS), in which gain-of-functions mutations in NLRP3 gene, encoding NLRP3 inflammasome, lead to its spontaneous formation in the absence of the activating signals, thus resulting in an exacerbated release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and CAPS related inflammatory symptoms (12). Here, NLRP3 is linked to cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome.