BRAF and cancer: At present, BRAF inhibitors have been approved for the treatment of various types of cancer harboring BRAF class 1 mutations: For patients with advanced melanoma the BRAF and MEK inhibitor combinations dabrafenib/trametinib (Flaherty et al., 2012; Robert et al., 2015), encorafenib/binimetinib (Dummer et al., 2018) and vemurafenib/cobimetinib (Ascierto et al., 2016) can be employed.