Babych et al. (Babych et al., 2021) found that HNE accelerated pancreatic islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) self-assembly into β-sheet fibrils and enhanced the ability of the peptide to permeabilize the plasma membrane and to induce the death of pancreatic β-cells, a pathological hallmark of type II diabetes. The gene discussed is IAPP; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.