Atherosclerosis progression, as a chronic inflammatory mechanism, is characterized by immune system dysregulation associated with increased pro-inflammatory cytokine production, including interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-1β (Vinciguerra et al., 2020; Labarrere and Kassab, 2021). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is atherosclerosis.