Zhu’s team, in a mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), demonstrated that butyrate pretreatment could inhibit ThY-1 gene expression and pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting histone deacetylase (HDAC) activation and histone H4 deacetylation (Zhu et al., 2016). Here, HDAC9 is linked to pulmonary fibrosis.