Although initially considered to function primarily for maintaining and regulating the cellular redox equilibrium, Nrf2 is now recognized to modulate various cellular processes including cell proliferation and differentiation [30]. Recent evidence shows that Nrf2 contributes to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis via inducing the phenotypic changes of vascular cells as well as macrophages in the lesion [31, 32]. This evidence concerns the gene NFE2L2 and atherosclerosis.