GFAP and Gliosis: We observed substantial amounts of phosphor-tau proteins (AT8) in brain tissues of Thy1-hTau.P301S mice, and these protein accumulations were accompanied by increased expression of GFAP and Iba-1 (markers of astrocytosis and gliosis, respectively) compared with that in wild-type C57 mice (Fig. 2 and Additional file 1: Fig. S1).