Among them, our study cohort comprised 18 patients in the combined rituximab cohort (14 with NMDAR-AE, 3 with LGI1-AE, and 1 with CASPR2-AE), 41 patients with only first-line therapy in the control cohort (27 with NMDAR-AE, 9 with LGI1-AE, and 5 with CASPR2-AE), and no patient suffered from tumor during study. The gene discussed is CNTNAP2; the disease is neoplasm.