TNF and neoplasm: Differentially expressed genes of these clusters showed distinctive related pathways, compared to other clusters: clusters 14 and 15 were mainly enriched in TNF and IL-17 signaling pathways, while clusters 26 and 32 were enriched in Hippo and Wnt signaling pathways that are related to cancer progression (Supplemental Fig. 5e), suggesting tumor heterogeneity and their co-regulation of tumor progression.