Orthotopic murine pancreatic cancer models were generated using KPC001 cell line derived from GEMM (Pdx1-Cre, lox-stop-lox-KrasG12D/+, lox-stop-lox-tp53R172H/+)57, and the mice were divided into three experimental groups based on the different treatment regimens (Supplementary Fig. 9b). Here, PDX1 is linked to pancreatic neoplasm.