The causes of IPF are still unknown; however, a large body of evidence implicates inflammatory injuries to the alveolar epithelium as an initial event promoting the release of pro-fibrotic growth factor, mainly TGF-β, and generation of the fibroblast and myofibroblast foci, in turn, produce a large amount of extracellular matrix (ECM), such as collagens. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.