Correlation analysis revealed that NOS2 gene expression was negatively correlated with the relative abundance of AKKermansia (P < 0.05) and positively correlated with Desulfovibrio, and Rikenella. Taken together, these results provide potential molecular evidence for Jatrorrhizine changing the gut microbiota to treat ulcerative colitis. This evidence concerns the gene NOS2 and ulcerative colitis.