GRAMD1C and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma: Similar to our observation in U2OS cells, GRAMD1C depletion promoted starvation-induced autophagy in the kidney cell line A498 (Fig. 7f, g) and ATP-production linked respiration in ccRCC 786-O cells (Fig. 7h), indicating that the relationship between mitochondrial bioenergetics and GRAMD1C is conserved among cell lines.