They demonstrated that malaria and L. loa co-infections had decreased levels of C-X-C motif chemokine 5 (CXCL5) and comparable levels of CX3CL1, CXCL7, CXCL9, CXCL11, and CCL28 compared with malaria monoinfection. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL9 and malaria.