INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus: Next, to validate our post-translational protein-based circuit in a clinical proof-of-concept study, we assembled a POSH control plasmid encoding insulin as well as abscisic acid-activated protease units in a single plasmid (Supplementary Figure S8c), which was hydrodynamically transfected into the liver of type-1 diabetic (T1D) mice.