This finding is in accordance with many other in vivo studies that show increased TNF‐α levels following LPS, which contributes to the exacerbation of the inflammatory response, and disease progression especially in lung disorders (Goto et al., 2004; Michie et al., 1988; Mukhopadhyay et al., 2006; Niederman & Fein, 1990; Sheridan et al., 1997). Here, TNF is linked to lung disorder.