TNF and renal fibrosis: Also, the levels of damage markers in renal fibrosis, including ED-1 α-SMA, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, TGF-β, NF-κB mRNA, CCL-2, CCL-5, collagen I, FN, collagen IV, and PCNA are decreased (Ninichuk et al., 2006; Ezquer et al., 2008; Villanueva et al., 2013; Da Silva et al., 2015; Franchi et al., 2015; Liu et al., 2019; Xiang et al., 2020).