found that downregulation of miR-9 in progressive HIV-1 infection upregulated the expression of B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 (Blimp-1), a transcriptional repressor of IL-2 expression, and was correlated with PD-1, LAG3, 2B4, IFN-γ, and TNF-α (44, 45, 64). This evidence concerns the gene IFNG and HIV-1 infection.