As to scopolamine- or alcohol-induced mice model, the ameliorating cognitive impairment action of the proanthocyanidins was correalted with improvement of antioxidant ability and cholinergic activity, exhibiting as elevating T-AOC level and activities of SOD and GPX, lessening levels of MDA, MAO-B, AchE and NO, activities of MPO, AchE, tNOS, nNOS and iNOS, and nNOS mRNA expression, in hippocampus, brain, serum and/or colon (52–55). The gene discussed is NOS2; the disease is Cognitive impairment.