ARF1 and cancer: By examining the differential expression of RagC, Rheb, RalA, Rab1A, Rab5, and Arf1 in cancer tissues (n = 369) and non-cancer controls (n = 160), we showed that RagC and Arf1 but not Rheb, RalA, Rab1A or Rab5 were significantly elevated in cancer tissues (Figure 4E, Supplementary Figure S4).