The levels of Fndc5 mRNA in liver were upregulated in HCC patients compared to that in donors, and positively associated with the transcription factor sterol regulatory element-binding factor-1 (SREBF1), stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD1), TNFα, and Il6 mRNA expressions in HCC patients (95). Here, TNF is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.