TNF and pemphigus foliaceus: It is proved that the levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were significantly increased in PF patients (P = 0.0001, P = 0.0001) while the anti-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were downregulated (P = 0.0001, P = 0.0001) in comparison to normal pregnancy [33].