H19 and brain injury: Zhang et al (2019a) found that lncRNA-H19 could regulate the proliferation and apoptosis of OA chondrocytes treated with IL-1β by targeting miR-106a-5p (Zhang et al., 2019a). In addition, the regulatory effect of melatonin on H19 has also been verified in a variety of diseases, such as melatonin promotes the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and inhibits adipogenic differentiation by up-regulation of the H19/miR-541-3p/APN axis (Han et al., 2021). Melatonin promotes the expression of lncRNA H19 in delayed brain injury (DBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) (Xu et al., 2022).