Interestingly, TGF-β1 was described as an inflammation-inhibiting factor and was up-regulated by KD in the model of autoimmune hepatitis, while it was reported that KD limited the expression of TGF-β1 to mitigate the development of fibrosis in the damaged liver (Xiang et al., 2016; Nie et al., 2022). Here, TGFB1 is linked to autoimmune hepatitis.