NFKB1 and chronic kidney disease: However, in vitro treatment of PTGs with 1,25(OH)2D3, only a considerable suppression of phos-NF-κB and an elevation of IκBα concentration were seen (Mao et al., 2021), suggesting that 1,25(OH)2D3 restrains the activation of NF-κB pathway by arresting p65 nuclear translocation, blocking NF-κB DNA binding, including PTH gene, increasing IκBα levels, or stabilizing IκBα protein in advanced SHPT of CKD.