In addition, the administration of 900 mg-kg-1-d-1 by gavage can inhibit the level of the anti-CCP antibody and TNF-α in the sera of rats with collagen-induced arthritis at an early stage, reduce the degree of joint swelling, alleviate the symptoms of synovitis, and protect the joints, showing effectiveness in early RA treatment (Lin et al., 2016). Here, TNF is linked to rheumatoid arthritis.