Iridoid glucosides (40 mg/kg) could treat RA by inhibiting the production of the serum pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ, and IL-17, and increasing the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 (Zhao X. et al., 2021). Here, TNF is linked to rheumatoid arthritis.