In addition, the M2 macrophages aided cancer progression by releasing growth factor TGF-β that elevated overall hypoxia tissues proliferation (Fig. 6j), while MSV-nab-PTX-encapsulated payload treatment decreased the tumour cell survival and increased tumour cells shrinkage (Fig. 6k), thus proving the effectiveness of protein-based nanocarrier in the CRISPR/Cas TNBC therapy. Here, TGFB1 is linked to neoplasm.