Similarly, knockdown of IL6R in tumor cells suppressed both IL-6/JAK/STAT3 and TGFβ signaling, and suppressed EVsMMA-MRC5-induced EMT marker expression, drug resistance, and invasion and migration, suggesting that IL-6R activation functions upstream of TGFβ pathway signaling in this context (Fig. 3g–j, Fig. S4c). Here, STAT3 is linked to neoplasm.