Notably, the PpIX FL intensity obtained by MN-CCPCA treatment (12 h) was 2.2-fold higher than that obtained by MN-CCPA (12 h) treatment at the METP of PpIX (Fig. 5b), indicating that 5-ALA and CAT co-delivery could promote PpIX tumor accumulation in vivo. Here, CAT is linked to neoplasm.