Still, Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance (permANOVA) analysis conducted on the samples at T24h and excluding ASV1 (attributed to Escherichia/Shigella), reported that ‘infection’ and ‘mucin’ factors significantly accounted for 10.4% (p < 0.001) and 3.8% (p < 0.05, 999 permutations) of the dissimilarities, respectively (Supplementary Fig. 3). The gene discussed is MUC5AC; the disease is infection.