MSTN and proximal spinal muscular atrophy: Collectively, these MSTN inhibitors have been tested in patients with muscle loss due to a wide range of conditions, including various forms of muscular dystrophy (120-122), sporadic inclusion body myositis (123-125), spinal muscular atrophy, age-related sarcopenia (126, 127), muscle loss following falls and hip surgery (128, 129), cachexia due to cancer (130), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (131), and end-stage renal disease.