Of interest, Bnip3, which regulates essential mitochondrial functions including mitophagy and apoptosis, is thought to be a potential therapeutic target for diseases of secondary mitochondrial dysfunction (Gao et al, 2020), and was identified recently as down-regulated in DMD in the context of dysfunctional autophagy (Gao et al, 2020) and mitophagy (Luan et al, 2021). Here, BNIP3 is linked to Duchenne muscular dystrophy.