This finding was reproducible in BALF specimens from ARDS patients without a clinical diagnosis of pneumonia (Supplemental Figure 1; supplemental material available online with this article; https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.149955DS1; full immunoblot images available in online supplemental material), implicating the involvement of intrapulmonary LOX-1 activity in settings of lung injury beyond that elicited by acute lower respiratory infection. This evidence concerns the gene OLR1 and susceptibility to pneumonia measurement.