TARDBP and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Following their discovery, missense mutations in the TARDBP gene were identified in both familial and sporadic cases of ALS (Kabashi et al., 2008; Rutherford et al., 2008; Sreedharan et al., 2008; Van Deerlin et al., 2008; Yokoseki et al., 2008).