DDIT3 and metabolic syndrome: As the results show in Figure 9, ER stress was induced under hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia conditions, as the expression of GRP78, CHOP (CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein) increased, and the significant elevation of P-PERK and P-eIF2α in the hippocampus of HFD-fed mice than in the STD group was observed.