Furthermore, recent studies indicated that UC-MSC-EV samples containing miRNA-378a inhibited NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes and abrogated cell pyroptosis, (Cai et al., 2021) and also restored mucosal barrier repair and intestinal immune homeostasis via TNF-α stimulated gene 6 (Tsg6), to protect against DSS-induced colitis (Yang et al., 2021). The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is colitis.