Higher TG/HDL-C and TC/HDL-C were associated with a significantly high risk of BPH when adjusting for age and PSA; the ORs (95% CI) were 2.25 (2.03–2.50) and 1.83 (1.65–2.02) (all P-trend < 0.001), respectively. This evidence concerns the gene KLK3 and benign prostatic hyperplasia.