PNPLA3 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: DHC manages glucose uptake, reduces the risk of obesity, and prevents diabetes because it regulates the levels of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1C (SREBP-1C), patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 (PNPLA3), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) in the mRNA and proteins It decreases the level of triglycerides (TG) when the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) and phosphorylated serine-threonine protein kinase (pAKT) increases to improve lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance (Yu et al., 2018).