Indeed IL-25 may reciprocally promote tumour stemness, as in vitro treatment of HT-29 and SW620 human CRC cell lines with IL-25 induced expression of stem markers CD133, Lgr5 and OCT4 through hedgehog signaling, and similarly in the AOM/DSS model of CAC genetic IL-25-deficiency reduced tumour burden and expression of Lgr5, CD133 and DCLK1 (80). Here, IL25 is linked to infectious otitis media.