None of the three features—GAP, gender, or age—was found to be different between IPF patients with a high-risk score and IPF patients with a low-risk score in all of the training, test, and validation cohorts, while the difference in CMTM8 and TNFRSF12A expression levels between the high-risk score group and the low-risk score group was detected (Figure 4(c)). Here, TNFRSF12A is linked to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.