As a result, AKT3, RORA, TNFRSF12A, and the m5CPS risk score made it feasible to screen IPF patients via detecting BAL cell samples (AUC ≥ .797), and among these factors, the m5CPS risk score showed the optimal effect in terms of screening for IPF patients (AUC = .862; Figure 7). Here, RORA is linked to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.